Commentary
In Mark 3:20–35, Mark uses a literary device in which he inserts one event between two stages of another. Jesus' rejection by his family begins in verses 20 and 21, followed by the account of his rejection by the teachers of the law from Jerusalem (verses 22–30). The completion of his family's rejection comes last, in verses 31–35. Mark uses this literary device several times. He uses events within events that interpret one another, as we shall see in this passage.
Jesus returns from the lake and the hills to his home. This refers to the place where he usually stayed in Capernaum. Mark continues to show Jesus' popularity among the people by saying that the crowd in and around the house was so large that he and his disciples could not even eat.
The next sentence is strange. His own people came to seize him because they thought he was out of his mind. Who were those called “his own”? They were obviously not his disciples or the great crowds causing difficulties. The teachers of the law would certainly have liked to seize him, but they would never be described as his own. Many Bible scholars believe that Mark is referring here to Jesus' family. John's Gospel shows that Jesus' brothers did not believe in him (John 7:3–5). The family was concerned because Jesus' behaviour attracted such large crowds that, according to this verse, he could not even attend to his own needs. The family sets out to seize Jesus. The word seize is used later in Mark 6:17 for what Herod does when he sends men to “arrest” John the Baptist. Jesus' family clearly thinks he is mad, literally “outside himself.” They feel they must seize him for his own sake and take him home.
The teachers of the law from Jerusalem are the legal authorities, or experts in the law, who have come from the capital to the countryside to investigate this popular person and the extraordinary claims being made about him. It is highly unusual for such legal experts from the city to come here. Mark immediately mentions the two accusations against Jesus. Notice that earlier (in Mark 3:2), some of Jesus' opponents tried to bring legal charges against him. The first accusation is that Beelzebul has possessed him. The name means “Baal, the prince.”
The second accusation is that he drives out evil spirits with the help of the prince of demons. The expressions prince of demons and Baal the prince mean the same thing. Notice that his opponents say Jesus has an unclean spirit. Jesus was widely known for driving out demons.
Jesus answers the two accusations in two ways. First he calls the teachers of the law to him and asks them a rhetorical question. Jesus answers the question with three statements. Notice that Jesus equates Beelzebul, the prince of demons, with Satan. The rhetorical question can be answered in only one way: Satan cannot drive out Satan. Just as a kingdom or a household divided against itself cannot stand, Satan could not stand if he fought against himself. If he fought against himself, it would be a sure sign that his end was approaching. Then Jesus tells a short parable that the teachers of the law cannot dismiss. You must be stronger than the strong man to enter his house and plunder his possessions.
Jesus' answer can be summarised in two sentences. Since Satan cannot drive out Satan, and Jesus drives out evil spirits, Jesus clearly cannot be Satan or an evil spirit. And since the one driving out must be stronger than the one being driven out, and Jesus drives out demons, Jesus must be stronger than the demons he drives out.
Driving out evil spirits was a sign of God's power. In Luke 11:20, Jesus says: “If I drive out evil spirits by the finger of God, then God's kingdom has come to you.” In Matthew 12:28, the expression God's Spirit is used instead of God's finger, but the meaning is the same. The coming of God's kingdom is demonstrated through God's power to overcome evil. Good triumphs over evil. Driving out demons was a sign that God's kingdom and power were breaking in, particularly as revealed in the work of Jesus, who drives out the demons. The accusations of the teachers of the law against Jesus are an attempt to call God's kingdom Satan's kingdom. This is a distortion of the good news of the gospel. It describes good as evil. It calls light darkness. Mark is probably also drawing his readers' attention to the strange fact that the very people who should show the way, the legally trained interpreters of the law of Moses, are those who completely turn against and reject the one who fulfils the law of Moses.
In connection with this kind of distortion, Mark raises the question of blasphemy against the Holy Spirit. To blaspheme means to speak against or to mock, particularly with reference to God. All other sins can be forgiven, but mocking the Holy Spirit is an eternal sin. The Jews had other irreconcilable sins, such as profaning God's name, for then God took vengeance immediately. Likewise, anyone who gave false testimony in a capital case was considered guilty of an unforgivable sin. Mark shows how seriously Jesus takes this question by placing the “amen” expression “Truly I tell you” at the beginning of his statement. The question that arises in this passage is why Jesus singles out the Spirit. The Spirit is God's power. To reject or mock the Spirit is to cut off the power. Remember that Matthew records Jesus' words: “If I drive out demons by God's Spirit …” (Matthew 12:28). Mark's own comment confirms this connection, for the teachers of the law accused Jesus of having an unclean spirit, whereas the Spirit was in fact the Holy Spirit, not an unclean spirit. Fundamentally, this means that anyone who rejects the Holy Spirit as the power in Jesus and in Christianity rejects God, and since all forgiveness comes from God, this sin has eternal consequences.
The text in Mark 3:28–30 does not say that anyone there has committed such blasphemy, but Jesus gives a very serious warning that applies to the teachers of the law, Mark's readers and us. Here lies the real distortion: the one who comes and drives out Satan by God's Holy Spirit so that people may have eternal life is himself called Satan. Anyone who does this has no hope, for he is so distorted that he says white is black and darkness is light, that God's work is Satan's work, that good is evil and evil is good.
The rejection by the teachers of the law contrasts with the crowds' welcome of Jesus. In Mark 3:31–35, his mother, brothers and sisters have come to take him home. They ask him to come out and go with them. Jesus is told that his mother and family are asking for him. Then Jesus makes an astonishing statement identifying his true family. Jesus' true family are those who do what God wills. The parallel passage in Luke says: “Those who hear God's word and do it” (Luke 8:21). That Jesus' true family are those who do God's will, or what God “desires,” shows that people have a choice. Some who have listened to him have chosen to do what God wills. Others, the teachers of the law and Jesus' own family, have chosen to do what they themselves want. You must do what Jesus wants to belong to his true family. Jesus' earthly family and the interpreters of the law, who should have welcomed him, have actually rejected him. The crowd gathering around Jesus is his true family, those who hear and do God's word.
This text is a serious warning against rejecting Jesus. But it is also an assurance that if we choose to do what God desires, when we hear and act on God's word, we will be part of God's true family.